The Enchiridion was likely compiled by one of Epictetus's students and attributed to Epictetus himself - a prominent Stoic Philosopher in the Roman Empire.
It is a famous book in the world of Stoic philosophy, a philosophy that focuses on self-control, particularly, controlling ones emotions in the face of adversity. The Stoics also emphasize living a life aligned with nature, which loosely equates to living a virtuous life characterized by the four virtues: wisdom, temperance, justice, courage.
The Enchiridion, translated "The Handbook" or "Manual", is a collection of 53 short Stoic lessons meant to be referenced. An example is the opening line, "Some things are within our control, while others are not," commonly referred to as the dichotomy of control, which teaches that we should only let the things within our control affect us.
*Side Note: Epictetus started off as a slave, and went on to become a prominent Stoic philosopher*
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#16 - The Enchiridion by Epictetus